<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF[
	<!ENTITY rdf 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#'>
	<!ENTITY rdfs 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#'>
	<!ENTITY owl 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#'>
	<!ENTITY swivt 'http://semantic-mediawiki.org/swivt/1.0#'>
	<!ENTITY wiki 'http://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:URIResolver/'>
	<!ENTITY category 'http://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:URIResolver/Category-3A'>
	<!ENTITY property 'http://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:URIResolver/Property-3A'>
	<!ENTITY wikiurl 'https://murray.cds.caltech.edu/'>
]>

<rdf:RDF
	xmlns:rdf="&rdf;"
	xmlns:rdfs="&rdfs;"
	xmlns:owl ="&owl;"
	xmlns:swivt="&swivt;"
	xmlns:wiki="&wiki;"
	xmlns:category="&category;"
	xmlns:property="&property;">

	<owl:Ontology rdf:about="https://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:ExportRDF/Robot_Navigation_in_Dense_Human_Crowds-3A_the_Case_for_Cooperation">
		<swivt:creationDate rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime">2026-08-24T09:41:47+00:00</swivt:creationDate>
		<owl:imports rdf:resource="http://semantic-mediawiki.org/swivt/1.0"/>
	</owl:Ontology>
	<swivt:Subject rdf:about="http://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:URIResolver/Robot_Navigation_in_Dense_Human_Crowds-3A_the_Case_for_Cooperation">
		<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:URIResolver/Category-3APapers"/>
		<rdfs:label>Robot Navigation in Dense Human Crowds: the Case for Cooperation</rdfs:label>
		<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:ExportRDF/Robot_Navigation_in_Dense_Human_Crowds-3A_the_Case_for_Cooperation"/>
		<swivt:page rdf:resource="https://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Robot_Navigation_in_Dense_Human_Crowds-3A_the_Case_for_Cooperation"/>
		<swivt:wikiNamespace rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer">0</swivt:wikiNamespace>
		<swivt:wikiPageContentLanguage rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">en</swivt:wikiPageContentLanguage>
		<property:Abstract rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">We consider mobile robot navigation in dense human crowds. In particular, we explore two questions. Can we design a navigation algorithm that encourages humans to coop- erate with a robot? Would such cooperation improve navigation performance? We address the first question by developing a probabilistic predictive model of cooperative collision avoidance and goal-oriented behavior. Specifically, this model extends the recently introduced interacting Gaussian processes approach to the case of multiple goals and stochastic movement duration. We answer the second question by empirically validating our model in a natural environment (a university cafeteria), and in the process, carry out the first extensive quantitative study of robot navigation in dense human crowds (completing 488 runs). The âmultiple goalâ interacting Gaussian processes algorithm performs comparably with human teleoperators in crowd densities near 1 person/m2, while a state of the art noncooperative planner exhibits unsafe behavior more than 3 times as often as our planner. Furthermore, a reactive planner based on the âdynamic windowâ approachâwidely used for robotic tour guide experimentsâfails for crowd densities above 0.55 people/m2. We conclude that a cooperation model is critical for safe and efficient robot navigation in dense human crowds.</property:Abstract>
		<property:Authors rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Pete Trautman, Jeremy Ma, Richard M. Murray and Andreas Krause</property:Authors>
		<property:Funding rdf:resource="&wiki;Correct-2Dby-2DConstruction_Synthesis_of_Control_Protocols_for_Aerospace_Systems"/>
		<property:ID rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">2012k</property:ID>
		<property:Source rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Submitted, 2013 International Conference on Robotics and Automation</property:Source>
		<property:Tag rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">tmmk13-icra</property:Tag>
		<property:Title rdf:resource="&wiki;Robot_Navigation_in_Dense_Human_Crowds-3A_the_Case_for_Cooperation"/>
		<property:Type rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Conference Paper</property:Type>
		<swivt:wikiPageModificationDate rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime">2016-05-15T06:15:44Z</swivt:wikiPageModificationDate>
		<property:Modification_date-23aux rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double">2457523.7609259</property:Modification_date-23aux>
		<swivt:wikiPageSortKey rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Robot Navigation in Dense Human Crowds: the Case for Cooperation</swivt:wikiPageSortKey>
		<property:URL rdf:resource="http://www.cds.caltech.edu/~murray/preprints/tmmk13-icra_s.pdf"/>
	</swivt:Subject>
	<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:URIResolver/Property-3ATitle">
		<rdfs:label>Title</rdfs:label>
		<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="https://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:ExportRDF/Property-3ATitle"/>
		<swivt:page rdf:resource="https://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Property-3ATitle"/>
		<swivt:wikiNamespace rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer">102</swivt:wikiNamespace>
		<swivt:wikiPageContentLanguage rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">en</swivt:wikiPageContentLanguage>
		<swivt:wikiPageSortKey rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Title</swivt:wikiPageSortKey>
		<swivt:type rdf:resource="http://semantic-mediawiki.org/swivt/1.0#_wpg"/>
	</owl:ObjectProperty>
	<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="http://semantic-mediawiki.org/swivt/1.0#creationDate" />
	<owl:Class rdf:about="http://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:URIResolver/Category-3APapers" />
	<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://semantic-mediawiki.org/swivt/1.0#page" />
	<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="http://semantic-mediawiki.org/swivt/1.0#wikiNamespace" />
	<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="http://semantic-mediawiki.org/swivt/1.0#wikiPageContentLanguage" />
	<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="http://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:URIResolver/Property-3AAbstract" />
	<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="http://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:URIResolver/Property-3AAuthors" />
	<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:URIResolver/Property-3AFunding" />
	<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="http://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:URIResolver/Property-3AID" />
	<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="http://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:URIResolver/Property-3ASource" />
	<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="http://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:URIResolver/Property-3ATag" />
	<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="http://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:URIResolver/Property-3AType" />
	<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="http://semantic-mediawiki.org/swivt/1.0#wikiPageModificationDate" />
	<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="http://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:URIResolver/Property-3AModification_date-23aux" />
	<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="http://semantic-mediawiki.org/swivt/1.0#wikiPageSortKey" />
	<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://murray.cds.caltech.edu/Special:URIResolver/Property-3AURL" />
	<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://semantic-mediawiki.org/swivt/1.0#type" />
	<!-- Created by Semantic MediaWiki, https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/ -->
</rdf:RDF>