CDS 140a Winter 2015 Homework 5 - Revision history

Murray at 06:28, 5 February 2015

2015-02-05T06:28:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:28, 5 February 2015
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	\| pdf = cds140-wi15_hw5.pdf		\| pdf = cds140-wi15_hw5.pdf
	}} __MATHJAX__		}} __MATHJAX__
	{{warning\|This problem set is under construction. This banner will be removed when the problems are finalized.}}		<!-- {{warning\|This problem set is under construction. This banner will be removed when the problems are finalized.}} -->

	'''Note:''' In the upper left hand corner of the ''second'' page of your homework set, please put the number of hours that you spent on		'''Note:''' In the upper left hand corner of the ''second'' page of your homework set, please put the number of hours that you spent on

Murray at 23:11, 31 January 2015

2015-01-31T23:11:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:11, 31 January 2015
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	</li>		</li>

	<!-- Added for 2014 ~~-->~~		<!-- Added for 2014, but dropped in 2015
	<li> '''Perko, Section 3.2, problem 6''': Consider the Lorenz system		<li> '''Perko, Section 3.2, problem 6''': Consider the Lorenz system
	<center><amsmath>		<center><amsmath>
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	<p> (d) For $\rho \in (0, 1)$, use the Lyapunov function $V(x, y, z) = \rho x^2 + \sigma y^2 + \sigma z^2$ to show that the origin is global asymptotically stable.</p>		<p> (d) For $\rho \in (0, 1)$, use the Lyapunov function $V(x, y, z) = \rho x^2 + \sigma y^2 + \sigma z^2$ to show that the origin is global asymptotically stable.</p>
	</li>		</li>
			-->

	<li> '''Perko, Section 3.3, problem 8''':		<li> '''Perko, Section 3.3, problem 8''':

Murray at 23:09, 31 January 2015

2015-01-31T23:09:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:09, 31 January 2015
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	<p> (b) Any stable limit cycle $\Gamma$ is an attracting set and $\Gamma$ is the $\omega$-limit set of every trajectory in a neighborhood of $\Gamma$. Give an example to show that not every attracting set $A$ is the $\omega$-limit set of a trajectory in a neighborhood of $A$. </p>		<p> (b) Any stable limit cycle $\Gamma$ is an attracting set and $\Gamma$ is the $\omega$-limit set of every trajectory in a neighborhood of $\Gamma$. Give an example to show that not every attracting set $A$ is the $\omega$-limit set of a trajectory in a neighborhood of $A$. </p>
	* Note: Perko's ~~working~~ here might be a bit confusing. You need to find an attracting set $A$ such that for any neighborhood around that set, you can find a trajectory (orbit) whose $\omega$-limit set is not equal to $A$.		* Note: Perko's wording here might be a bit confusing. You need to find a dynamical system with attracting set $A$ such that for any neighborhood around that set, you can find a trajectory (orbit) starting in that neighborhood whose $\omega$-limit set is not equal to $A$.

	<p> (c) Is the cylinder in Example 3 of Section 3.2 an attractor for the system in that example? </p>		<p> (c) Is the cylinder in Example 3 of Section 3.2 an attractor for the system in that example? </p>

Murray at 23:06, 31 January 2015

2015-01-31T23:06:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:06, 31 January 2015
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	'''Note:''' In the upper left hand corner of the ''second'' page of your homework set, please put the number of hours that you spent on		'''Note:''' In the upper left hand corner of the ''second'' page of your homework set, please put the number of hours that you spent on
	this homework set (including reading).		this homework set (including reading).

			<ol>
			<!-- 2014 TA comments People had questions about the first problem, the problem with H(x) and they had to take the chain rule. For part b of that problem, it seemed the correct way to relate the eigenvalues was by relating the product of the eigenvalues of the linear system of of v-field with the product of the eigenvalues of the linear sytem of the other v-field, by the factor k_0, if anybody comes up with anything other than that that would be interesting. -->
			<li> '''Perko, Section 3.1, problem 6, 7''':
			Two vector fields $f, g \in C^k({\mathbb R}^n)$ are said to be $C^k$ equivalent on ${\mathbb R}^n$ if there is a homeomorphism $H:{\mathbb R}^n \to {\mathbb R}^n$ with $H, H^{-1} \in C^k({\mathbb R}^n)$ that maps trajectories of $\dot x = f(x)$ to trajectories of $\dot y = g(y)$. If $\phi(t)$ and $\psi(t)$ are the dynamics systems defined by $f$ and $g$ respectively, then $f$ and $g$ are equivalent if and only if there exists a strictly increasing function $\tau(x, t)$ such that $\partial \tau/\partial t > 0$ and
			<center><amsmath>
			H \bigl(\phi_t (x) \bigr) = \psi_{\tau(x, t)} \bigl(H (x) \bigr).
			</amsmath></center>
			Show the following:
			<p> (a) The equilibrium points of $\dot x = f(x)$ are mapped to equilibrium points of $\dot y = g(y)$.</p>
			<p> (b) The eigenvalues of $Df(x_0)$ and the eigenvalues of $Dg(H(x_0))$ differ by the positive multiplicative constant $k_0 = \frac{\partial \tau}{\partial t}(x_0, 0)$.</p>
			* Hint: see the problem statements in Perko for some ideas if you get stuck
			* This problem can be used to show that the stability of equilibrium points is the same for topologically equivalent systems, since the sign of the real part of the eigenvalues will not be changed.
			</li>

			<!-- Added for 2014 -->
			<li> '''Perko, Section 3.2, problem 1''':
			Sketch the phase portrait for the system
			<center><amsmath>
			\begin{aligned}
			\dot x &= x - x^3 \\ \dot y &= - y
			\end{aligned}
			</amsmath></center>
			and answer the following questions:

			<p> (a) Show that the interval $[-1, 1]$ on the $x$-axis is an attracting set for the system. Determine whether this set is an attractor or not and justify your answer.</p>

			<p> (b) Are either of the intervals $(0, 1]$ or $[1, \infty)$ attractors?</p>

			<p> (c) Are any of the infinite intervals $(0, \infty)$, $[0, \infty)$. $(-1, \infty)$, $[-1, \infty)$ or $(-\infty, \infty)$ on the x-axis attracting sets for this system?</p>
			</li>

			<!-- For problem 3, some people were confused about what the wording of the problem stated with "a trajectory". It seemed likely that one might expect the wording to say "for all trajectories", or "there exists a trajectory such that...", I think ambiguity may have confused some. -->
			<!-- 2015: added some comments on this -->
			<li> '''Perko, Section 3.2, problem 5''':<br>

			<p> (a) According to the corollary of Theorem 2 (in Section 3.2), every $\omega$-limit set is an invariant set of the flow $\phi_t$ of $\dot x = f(x)$. Give an example to show that not every set invariant with respect to the flow $\phi_t$ is the $\alpha$- or $\omega$-limit set of a trajectory of $\dot x = f(x)$.</p>

			<p> (b) Any stable limit cycle $\Gamma$ is an attracting set and $\Gamma$ is the $\omega$-limit set of every trajectory in a neighborhood of $\Gamma$. Give an example to show that not every attracting set $A$ is the $\omega$-limit set of a trajectory in a neighborhood of $A$. </p>
			* Note: Perko's working here might be a bit confusing. You need to find an attracting set $A$ such that for any neighborhood around that set, you can find a trajectory (orbit) whose $\omega$-limit set is not equal to $A$.

			<p> (c) Is the cylinder in Example 3 of Section 3.2 an attractor for the system in that example? </p>
			</li>

			<!-- Added for 2014 -->
			<li> '''Perko, Section 3.2, problem 6''': Consider the Lorenz system
			<center><amsmath>
			\begin{aligned}
			\dot x &= \sigma (y -x) \\
			\dot y &= \rho x - y - x z \\
			\dot z &= x y - \beta z
			\end{aligned}
			</amsmath></center>
			with $\sigma, \rho, \beta > 0$.
			<p> (a) Show that the system is invariant under the transformation $(x, y, z, t) \to (-x, -y, z, t)$.</p>
			<p> (b) Show that the $z$-axis is invariant under the flow of the system and that it consists of three trajectories (orbits).</p>
			<p> (c) Compute the equilibrium points for the system for the case $\rho > 1$ and show that the equilibrium point at the origin has a one-dimensional unstable manifold $W^u(0)$.</p>
			<p> (d) For $\rho \in (0, 1)$, use the Lyapunov function $V(x, y, z) = \rho x^2 + \sigma y^2 + \sigma z^2$ to show that the origin is global asymptotically stable.</p>
			</li>

			<li> '''Perko, Section 3.3, problem 8''':
			Consider the system
			<center><amsmath>
			\aligned
			\dot x &= -y + x(1-x^2 - y^2)(4 - x^2 - y^2) \\
			\dot y &= x + y(1-x^2 - y^2)(4 - x^2 - y^2) \\
			\dot z &= z.
			\endaligned
			</amsmath></center>
			(a) Show that there are two periodic orbits $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ in the $x, y$ plane and determine their stability.

			(b) Show that there are two invariant cylinders for this system given by $x^2 + y^2 = 1$ and $x^2 + y^2 = 4$.

			(c) Describe $W^s(\Gamma_j)$ and $W^u(\Gamma_j)$, $j = 1,2$, for the full system (in ${\mathbb R}^3$).
			</li>
			</ol>

Murray: Created page with "{{CDS homework | instructor = R. Murray | course = CDS 140 | semester = Winter 2015 | title = Problem Set #5 | issued = 4 Feb 2015 | due = 11 Feb 2015 at 12:30 pm
In ..."

2015-01-31T22:36:55Z

Created page with "{{CDS homework | instructor = R. Murray | course = CDS 140 | semester = Winter 2015 | title = Problem Set #5 | issued = 4 Feb 2015 | due = 11 Feb 2015 at 12:30 pm<br>In ..."

New page

{{CDS homework
| instructor = R. Murray
| course = CDS 140
| semester = Winter 2015
| title = Problem Set #5
| issued = 4 Feb 2015
| due = 11 Feb 2015 at 12:30 pm<br>In class or to box across 107 STL
| pdf = cds140-wi15_hw5.pdf
}} __MATHJAX__
{{warning|This problem set is under construction. This banner will be removed when the problems are finalized.}}

'''Note:''' In the upper left hand corner of the ''second'' page of your homework set, please put the number of hours that you spent on
this homework set (including reading).

CDS 140a Winter 2015 Homework 5 - Revision history

Murray at 06:28, 5 February 2015

Murray at 23:11, 31 January 2015

Murray at 23:09, 31 January 2015

Murray at 23:06, 31 January 2015

Murray: Created page with "{{CDS homework | instructor = R. Murray | course = CDS 140 | semester = Winter 2015 | title = Problem Set #5 | issued = 4 Feb 2015 | due = 11 Feb 2015 at 12:30 pmIn ..."

Murray: Created page with "{{CDS homework | instructor = R. Murray | course = CDS 140 | semester = Winter 2015 | title = Problem Set #5 | issued = 4 Feb 2015 | due = 11 Feb 2015 at 12:30 pm
In ..."